Which reduces nasal congestion and/or swelling; produces vasoconstriction?

• A. Antiviral
• B. Decongestant
• C. COX-2 Inhibitor
• D. Expectorant

Answer: (B)

Reducing nasal congestion and swelling is achieved by constricting the blood vessels in the nasal mucosa. Decongestants do this by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors on the vessels, causing vasoconstriction. With less blood flow, the mucosal edema shrinks and the nasal passages open, easing congestion. This vasoconstrictive action is the hallmark of decongestants such as phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine, whether taken by mouth or used as a nasal spray.

They’re not antivirals, which target viral replication, and they’re not COX-2 inhibitors, which reduce inflammation by blocking prostaglandin synthesis. They’re also not expectorants, which mainly help thin mucus to clear it more easily rather than directly reducing swelling. Therefore, the option that best fits is a decongestant.